EY study confirms sharp profit decline at German automakers as IG Metall mobilises mass protests over job cuts
Executive summary: EY analysis published 20 September 2026 reports a significant drop in profits for German automakers (VW, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and peers) amid widespread job cuts. The profit erosion threatens capital allocation for EV and software investment, while mass layoffs trigger political and social friction in Germany's largest industrial sector.
Who is involved: Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, IG Metall union, German federal and state governments, EY as analyst.
Likely next: IG Metall protests on 21 September; Q3 earnings season in late October; potential government industry talks; EU CO2 fleet target review in 2025.
An EY study cited by Handelsblatt shows profits at German car manufacturers have fallen markedly, coinciding with the elimination of tens of thousands of jobs across the sector. The IG Metall union has called protests at more than 200 locations for Monday, signalling escalating labour unrest. The profit squeeze reflects structural margin pressure documented since mid-2024 and raises questions about the industry's capacity to fund the electric transition while absorbing fixed-cost reductions.
What's next — scenarios
Base: managed restructuring with state support (55%)
Automakers negotiate social plans with unions; federal/state aid packages bridge investment gap; margins stabilise near 5-6% by 2027.
- IG Metall agrees to partial wage restraint by Q4 2026
- German budget includes auto transformation fund
- Q3 earnings show sequential margin improvement
Upside: policy-driven demand boost accelerates EV mix (20%)
EU relaxes 2025 CO2 fines; German purchase incentives return; OEMs hit 25% EV share in 2026, lifting pricing power.
- EU Commission proposes CO2 target flexibility before year-end
- German coalition agrees new EV subsidy in 2027 budget
- Battery cost drops below €80/kWh
Downside: uncontrolled cost cutting and plant closures (25%)
Profit slide deepens; VW and Mercedes announce German plant closures in 2027; IG Metall calls strikes; political crisis erupts.
- Q3 group operating margin falls below 4%
- IG Metall rejects social plan at major site
- China EV imports exceed 15% German market share
What to watch
- IG Metall protest turnout and demands (21 Sep 2026)
- VW, Mercedes, BMW Q3 2026 earnings calls (late Oct 2026)
- EU CO2 fleet regulation review timeline (Commission decision expected Q4 2026)
- German federal budget 2027 auto transformation line items (negotiations Sep-Nov 2026)
- Battery raw material price indices (lithium carbonate, nickel) monthly
Timeline
- — EY-Studie: Gewinne deutscher Autohersteller gehen deutlich zurück (Handelsblatt)
- — VW, Mercedes, BMW und weitere Autohersteller verdienen im Schnitt deutlich weniger je Auto (Der Spiegel — Wirtschaft)
Analysis — what this means
Likely next events
- IG Metall nationwide protests at 200+ sites on 21 September 2026
- VW Group Q3 results scheduled 29 October 2026
- Mercedes-Benz Q3 results scheduled 24 October 2026
- BMW Q3 results scheduled 5 November 2026
Sectors affected
- German automotive OEMs (VW, Mercedes-Benz, BMW)
- Tier-1 suppliers (Bosch, Continental, ZF)
- German metalworking and electrical engineering
- Battery cell manufacturing (Northvolt, CATL Germany)
Regulatory implications
- EU 2025 CO2 fleet targets (93.6 g/km) impose fines of €95/g/km per vehicle; OEMs lobbying for flexibility
- German Kurzarbeit short-time work scheme may be extended if plant idling spreads
- EU Net-Zero Industry Act requires 40% domestic clean-tech manufacturing by 2030; auto supply chain in scope
Historical parallels
- 2008-09 financial crisis: German auto output fell 20%; state-backed scrappage scheme (Abwrackprämie) boosted 2009 sales 21%
- 2020 COVID shock: VW, Daimler, BMW combined operating profit dropped 44%; Kurzarbeit covered 300k auto workers
- 1993-94 German auto recession: Mercedes and VW cut 50k jobs; industry restructured over 3 years
Key entities
Sources
- EY-Studie: Gewinne deutscher Autohersteller gehen deutlich zurück — Handelsblatt
- VW, Mercedes, BMW und weitere Autohersteller verdienen im Schnitt deutlich weniger je Auto — Der Spiegel — Wirtschaft