France’s land scarcity fuels competition among housing, industry and data‑centersExecutive summary: France is facing heightened competition for land between residential development, industrial facilities and data‑center projects, intensified by the ZAN law and extensive regulations. The land clash risks slowing growth by constraining available real estate and raising costs across key sectors. The French government, local authorities, developers, industrial firms, data‑center operators and citizens are the main actors. Negotiations over land allocation are expected to tighten, potentially leading to revised zoning rules and legal challenges.France is witnessing a fierce competition for land as housing, industrial and data‑center projects vie for scarce space, intensified by the ZAN law and extensive regulations. The clash threatens to constrain growth by limiting available real estate and raising costs across key sectors. Stakeholders are negotiating allocation priorities as the competition intensifies.Connected developmentsEU housing market strains echo French land competitionOpen the full case file on Beyond →
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